Professor Kevin Gurney and coauthors have published studies in Earth Systems Science Data and Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres that investigate this important issue. See the following for details:
Gurney, K.R., Liang, J, D.O. O’Keeffe, R. Patarasuk, M. Hutchins, J. Huang, P. Rao, and Y. Song (2019) Comparison of Global Downscaled Versus Bottom-Up Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions at the Urban Scale in Four US Urban Areas, accepted to J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028859 (link)
Hedelius, J., J. Liu, T. Oda, S. Maksyutov, C.M. Roehl, L.T. Iraci, J.R. Podolske, P.W. Hillyard, J. Liang, K.R. Gurney, D. Wunch, P.O. Wennberg (2019) Southern California Megacity CO2, CH4, and CO flux estimates using ground and space-based remote sensing and a Lagrangian model, International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (link)